White Tigers in Captivity

There is no such species as the Royal White Bengal Tiger. The name was invented to attract people to a nightclub performance in Las Vegas.

In 1951 a white tiger cub was captured in India after his mother and three orange siblings were killed. He was given to the Maharajah of Rewa, who named him Mohan and began a breeding program to create more white tigers. In 1958 Mohan was bred to one of his daughters, and the first litter of white tigers was born in captivity. Mohini, one of that first litter of white tigers, was bought by an American businessman and given to the National Zoo in Washington, D.C.

After a visit with President Eisenhower and a well-publicized country-wide tour, Mohini became a celebrity. The Cincinnati Zoo acquired her and began a white tiger breeding program. In 1983 Siegfried and Roy purchased three white cubs from the zoo, including the first pure white (without stripes) cub for their Las Vegas act. White tigers became their signature animal and established the market value for white tiger cubs with black stripes at $30,000 and pure white tigers (no stripes) at $100,000. Siegfried and Roy became the highest-grossing act in the history of Las Vegas, performing for 25 years to sold-out audiences. This led generations of Americans to believe that a tiger is no longer a wild animal but a performing pet.

Deformities

White tiger popularity also gave birth to a breeding binge that emerged from the zoo system into the backyards of animal breeders who always tried to breed more white tigers. The white coat is caused by a double recessive gene that occurs in perhaps one out of 10,000 tigers in the wild. In captivity, the tiger parents are inbred and only produce one white cub for every 30 born. Cub mortality for white cubs is over 50% and those that survive suffer from some level of birth defects that may include crossed eyes, cleft palates, spinal deformities, and club feet.

All white tigers have crossed eyes, whether it shows or not, because the gene that causes the white coat always causes the optic nerve to be wired to the wrong side of the brain. That is another reason white tigers are such a favorite in tiger acts. They are far more dependent on their masters because they can't see clearly, and their reaction time is diminished. Only one in 10 of the white cats can perform consistently, and those that do are unpredictable because of their genetic impairments.

Trainer Fatalities

In 1998 Chuck and Joy, two of the three performers in a tiger act called "Cat Dancers," were killed by their white tiger Jupiter. Local police shot and killed Jupiter after he attacked and killed Joy.

Tragedy again struck, this time with the Las Vegas act of Siegfried and Roy. In 2003 Roy almost died after Montecore, one of his white tigers, grabbed him by the neck during a performance and dragged him offstage, ending Siegfried and Roy's long run in Las Vegas.

Today there are no white tigers in the wild. A trophy hunter shot the last one in 1958. There are 200 white tigers in captivity, the product of nine generations of inbreeding. The market value of a white tiger cub remains at previous levels - and the breeding continues.